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Battery with a LM35 temperature sensor on the charger used to monitor the battery temperature is in charge. Battery temperature sensor is needed because the battery temperature will rise at the time in charge. Battery temperature sensor LM35 temperature sensor has high accuracy in monitoring the battery temperature, it is because the temperature sensor LM35 is a temperature sensor that can convert temperature changes into voltage changes linearly. At the time of the charge a battery will experience changes in temperature, where the battery temperature will begin to rise when the battery began to fill. To avoid over heat the battery, the battery temperature sensor LM35 temperature sensor is required to terminate the battery charging current to avoid overheating. Battery charger with temperature sensor schematic On the battery charger circuit temperature sensor with temperature sensor 35 lm above the R1 is used for setting the maximum value of the desired temperature. Therefore, when the...

You can use three discrete transistors to build an operational amplifier with an open-loop gain greater than 1 million (Figure 1). You bias the output at approximately one-half the supply voltage using the combined voltage drops across zener diode D 1 , the emitter-base voltage of input transistor Q 1 , and the 1V drop across 1-MΩ feed-back resistor R 2 . Figure 1 . This ac-coupled inverting op amp has an open-loop gain of 1 million. R 1 and R 2 set a closed-loop gain of −10. Resistor R 3 and capacitor C 1 form a compensation network that prevents the circuit from oscillating. The values in the figure still provide a good square-wave response. The ratio of R 2 to R 1 determines the inverting gain, which is −10 in this example. You can configure this op amp as an active filter or as an oscillator. It drives a load of 1 kΩ. The square-wave response is good at 10 kHz, and the output reduces by 3 dB at 50 kHz. Set the 50-Hz low-frequency response with the values of the input ...

This is the schematic design of HiFi Expandor Circuit with De-emphasis . The circuit is based NE570. The NE570 can be used to construct a high performance compandor suitable for use with music. This type of system can be used for noise reduction in tape recorders, transmission systems, bucket brigade delay lines, and digital audio systems. The circuits to be described contain features which improve performance, but are not required for all applications.  HiFi Expandor Circuit  Diagram  The expandor to complement the compressor is shown in the above circuit. Here an external op amp is used for high slew rate. Both the compressor and expandor have unity gain levels of 0dB. Trim networks are shown for distortion (THD) and DC shift. The distortion trim should be done first, with an input of 0dB at 10kHz. The DC shift should be adjusted for minimum envelope bounce with tone bursts. When applied to consumer tape recorders, the subjective performance of this system is excellent....

This is an economic circuit of a mini solar lighting system, solar panel 6V/2W is used to charge a rechargeable 4V/800mAh through a current limiting circuit load that uses a LM317T adjustable regulator 3 pin (IC1). Assuming a sunny day 6 hours, a panel will enviarr 2 watts for approximately 900mAh battery. The current can be reduced by increasing the value of R1, for example, 8.2 to 10 ohms ohms.   Lighting Garden with Solar Energy Circuit Diagram Specification of a typical solar panel  6V/2W:Maximum power (Pm):  2WWorking Voltage (Vmp):  9VWorking Current (Imp):  220mAOpen Circuit Voltage (Voc):  10.5VPower Tolerance: -3% to 5%

The objective of the circuit is to create a power supply that would produce an output of 0 V to 15 V at 1 A current. Terminology 2N3055 – a complementary Silicon Epitaxial-Base planar NPN transistor mounted in Jedec TO-3 metal case for use as power transistor Bridge Diode – also known as bridge rectifier which has four diodes arranged in a bridge configuration where the output voltage has the same polarity with either polarity of the input voltage Circuit Explanation The construction of this power supply circuit is very simple in such a way that the components used are easy to be located while the cost is very cheap. With the biggest provided current at 1 A, the output voltage is adjusted for minimal ripple effect and stabilized in the range of 0 V to 15 V DC. This is made possible by the standard transformer output of 1.5 A with a primary winding voltage of 220 V and secondary voltage of 18 V. The current is being limited by the Zener diode D1 with a rating of 18 V and 1.5 W. The li...

Battery-backup converter with one NiCd cell Notebook computers and added carriageable accessories generally use a advancement array to absorb anamnesis accommodation during advancement of the capital battery. Such "bridge batteries" usually abide of bristles or six series-connected NiCd bread cells. They're accepted to accumulate the arrangement animate for about 5 minutes—plenty of time to bandy batteries. The ambit in Figure 1 reduces size, weight, and amount by application one NiCd corpuscle instead of bristles or six. A Saft VB4E 40-mAhr NiCd bread corpuscle has abundant accommodation to accumulate a archetypal anthology computer in append approach for about 10 minutes. All apparatus (excluding the bread cell) absorb beneath than 1/2 in.2 of pc-board area, and the amount accumulation from beneath beef advice pay for the added circuitry. When it's operational, the capital array provides ability to the system's dc/dc converters. The LT1304 addition advocate con...

Build a 3 volt to 9 volt with LMC555 Circuit Diagram. This is a Build a 3 volt to 9 volt with LMC555 Circuit Diagram. This dc converter is built with the CMOS version of 555 timer. You can get 12V too if you change the zener diode to a 12V version. 3 volt to 9 volt with LMC555 Circuit Diagram

IC Timer 555 has a basic PWM controller with pulse width control feature 0 .. 100% which is controlled using the R1, at the time of controlling the oscillator frequency relatively stabi so it may be used to build the Simple PWM controller. Frequency of Simple PWM controller 555 depending on the value of R1 and C1, values ​​shown R1 and C1 will form the output with a frequency of 170 to 200 Hz. Diode-diode used in the Simple PWM controller With this 555 can use a 1N4148. R2, R3 and C3 form a giver triger circuit beginning at the reset IC 555 for 2 seconds. If you want to use a series of Simple PWM controller 555 with the V + not +12 V, it does not matter to raise tilapia R2 where (V + * R2) / (R2 + R3) is about 2, because it limits the signal level reset is 0.5 .. 1V. If you do not do that, then signal the kickstart to get too close to the limit reset signal reception. PWM controller circuit Q output of 555 on the Simple PWM controller circuit 555 is used for driver PWM pulse, so that t...

How make a Simple Siren with Four Transistors. This circuit requires only small 6V power from the speaker to generate sound two tones. Simple Siren with Four Transistors Circuit Diagram The circuit is more than simple. The first two transistors (left) are responsible for forming a flip-flop. This means that the 10K resistor will have a pulsed signal. The 4.7μF capacitor is charged and discharged in this signal are almost pulsating. Applied this to the oscillator (formed by the other two transistors) we obtain the desired sound output. The speaker can be any 8 ohm 1 watt the type used in portable radios.

Some of you might wonder why a charger is needed at all, to charge a 12 Volt battery from a 12 Volt source! Well, firstly the “12 Volt” source will typically vary anywhere from 11 Volt to 15 Volt, and then a battery needs a controlled charge current and voltage, which cannot result from connecting it directly to a voltage source. The charger described here is intended for charging small 12 Volt lead acid batteries, such as the gelled or AGM batteries of capacities between about 2 and 10 Ah, using a car’s electrical system as power source, regardless of whether the car engine is running or not. I built this charger many years ago, I think I was still in school back then. On request of a reader of my web site, I’m publishing it now, despite being a rather crude circuit. 12V Powered 12V Lead Acid Battery Charger with Indicator It works, it is uncritical to build, and uses only easy-to-find parts, so it has something in its favor. The downside is mainly the low efficiency: This charger was...

Circuit Diagram Description Simple and low cost. The optimal accumulation voltage is about 50V, but this amp assignment from 30 to 60V. The acute ascribe voltage is about 0.8 – 1V. As you can see, in this architecture the apparatus accept a big tolerance, so you can body it about of the components, which you acquisition at home. The and transistors can be any NPN blazon ability transistor, but do not use Darlington types… The achievement ability is about 60W. Descriptions: - capacitor C1 regulates the low frequencies (bass), as the capacitance grows, the low frequncies are accepting louder. - capacitor C2 regulates the college frequencies (treble), as the capacitance grows, the college frequencies are accepting quiter. - this is a chic B amplifier, this means, that a accepted charge breeze through the end transistors, alike if there is no arresting on the input. This accepted can be adapted with the 500Ω trimmer resistor. As this accepted incrases, the complete of the amplifier gets be...

Some of you might wonder why a charger is needed at all, to charge a 12 Volt battery from a 12 Volt source! Well, firstly the "12 Volt" source will typically vary anywhere from 11 Volt to 15 Volt, and then a battery needs a controlled charge current and voltage, which cannot result from connecting it directly to a voltage source. The charger described here is intended for charging small 12 Volt lead acid batteries, such as the gelled or AGM batteries of capacities between about 2 and 10 Ah, using a car's electrical system as power source, regardless of whether the car engine is running or not. I built this charger many years ago, I think I was still in school back then. On request of a reader of my web site, I'm publishing it now, despite being a rather crude circuit. It works, it is uncritical to build, and uses only easy-to-find parts, so it has something in its favor. The downside is mainly the low efficiency: This charger wastes about as much power as it puts into...

D. Mohan Kumar is famous name in the circuits world. There are d's Power-on Reminder with LED Lamp Circuit Diagram creation. Many a times equipment at workstations remain switched on unnoticed. In this situation, these may get damaged due to overheating. Here is an add-on device for the workbench power supply that reminds you of the power-on status of the connected devices every hour or so by sounding a buzzer for around 20 seconds. It also has a white LED that provides good enough light to locate objects when mains fails. Power-on Reminder with LED Lamp Circuit Diagram    Fig. 1 shows the circuit of power-on reminder with LED lamp. Here, IC NE555  (IC1) is wired as an astable multivibrator, whose time period is set to around six minutes using resistors R1 and R2, preset VR1 and capacitor C1 for sounding the buzzer every hour. The output of IC1 is fed to the clock input of IC CD4017 (IC2). Capacitor C3 and resistor R3 provide power-on-reset pulse to IC2.When power to the ...

Compressor Circuit with 570/571 Compandor IC circuit provide high gain for low amplitude input and provide low gain for high amplitude input. This action, in effect, produce a nearly constant amplitude even though the input has very high dynamic range (very high amplitude variation from time to time). The action of compression like this is needed in some situation, such as in maximizing modulation depth in broadcasting, or sustaining electric guitar signal which has very high variation between the plucking time and fading out.  The following circuit has complementary input/output characteristic and unity gain at 0.775 VRMS input. Voltage gain through compressor is square root of 0.7/Vin. Vin is average input voltage. This circuit  uses Signetics dual channel compandor IC.  570 has lower inherent distortion and higher supply voltage range (6-24 V) than 571 (6-18 V). Compressor Circuit with 570/571 

Simple 3 volt to 9 volt with LMC555 Circuit Diagram . This is a Build a 3 volt to 9 volt with LMC555 Circuit Diagram. This dc converter is built with the CMOS version of 555 timer. You can get 12V too if you change the zener diode to a 12V version. 3 volt to 9 volt with LMC555 Circuit Diagram

See figure below its Control Relay Circuit Schematics.

  *note : Stereo Amplifier I've tried this Circuit Amplifier  and was resulting in very satisfactory . The sound that issued a very nice and smooth. It's just that there is little noise, but the noise will go away when a loud sound. And strange , sound effects can out by itself  and by simply adding tone control. Minimum supply voltage is 5 volt , and maximum supply voltage is 18 volt . Maximum power output  2 X 10 watt with minimum impedance 4 Ohm. See this schematic Circuit below : This is schematic circuit and i design in simple circuit. Click to view Enlarge

Toggle switch in this article is a series of toggle switches that are controlled by infrared light. The series toggle switch is made from a combination of data flip-flop CD4013 2 units. Receiver circuit of the infrared light signals arranged with infrared receiver as found on television remote receiver. Infrared signal from remote is used as clock signals and data to the data flip-flop first. then the second flip-flop data set as a toggle flip-flop toggle the output signal is used to drive the relay. for more details can be seen in thethe following image . Series Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) that is required to supply voltage range of 12VDC and the output of Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) is dapt used to turn on the lights or other electronic devices with DC or AC voltage source. Series Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) was isolated from the load that is placed for use as the final relay. source [link] 

This is a Touch Switch with Digital Output Circuit Diagram control key by touch simple, it uses a 4011 IC. The output logic HI has its pulse delay time controlled by C1. In the case is C1 4.7uF controls the pulse width for 1 second, then the touched the plate. Nothing prevents you from being done tests with other values ​​of C1. Touch Switch with Digital Output Circuit Diagram